Read. Reflect. Write.

For the past 9 months I have been working on a paper that offers a redemptive-historical reading of Isaiah 65:17–25. After a few revisions based on reviewer comments, I am finally done, and I am quite happy with it. It is lengthy (28 pages/18k words), so it not suitable for publication with a journal. It is available on my Academia.edu page , and now I have made it available on my blog. Below is the abstract, and here is the link to download it.  Abstract This article offers a redemptive-historical reading of Isaiah 65:17–25, interpreting the promise of a “new heavens and a new earth” not as cosmic re-creation, but as covenantal renewal achieved through judgment and restoration. By tracing how Isaiah consistently intertwines Zion and creation motifs—casting renewed Jerusalem as the locus of divine presence, justice, and Edenic flourishing—this study situates Isaiah 65 within the prophet’s broader theological vision. Rather than presenting a blueprint for material renov...

Psalm 2 is a foundational text for understanding the New Testament’s portrayal of Jesus as the exalted Son and King. While it originally spoke to events in David’s time, the way the New Testament authors invoke and interpret this psalm reveals a deeper fulfillment in the person and work of Christ. This post examines how Psalm 2 is read through the lens of the New Testament, especially in relation to Christ’s death, resurrection, ascension, and authority over the nations Psalm 2, though rooted in the historical context of David’s time, finds its “substance” fulfilled in Christ. As Calvin writes, “But it is now high time to come to the substance of the type. ”[1] Calvin’s observation rightly distinguishes substance from type and resists interpreting Psalm 2 in terms of double fulfillment. Moreover, biblical theologians must not read the Old Testament as though the New does not exist.[2] Rather, they must read the Old through the light of the New. Failing ...

In the ever-evolving landscape of academic research, scholars are constantly seeking ways to streamline their workflow while maintaining the rigor and depth required for serious scholarship. AI-driven tools like ChatGPT have emerged as potential research assistants, capable of synthesizing vast amounts of information, organizing complex arguments, and even analyzing uploaded academic texts. But how well does it actually perform in a field as intricate as biblical studies—particularly in the study of eschatology and early Christian apocalyptic thought?   This review explores the strengths and limitations of ChatGPT in structuring, refining, and supporting research on eschatological themes, using 2 Thessalonians 2 and its historical interpretations as a case study (Well, it is the topic of research for a book I am working on). “My” review comes from 20+ hours utilizing the paid version of ChatGPT. I have My in quotes because while the review ...

  Theological Origins of Modernity*  Modernity was an attempt to find a new metaphysical solution to the question of the nature and relation of God and man in the natural world. It was a series of attempts to constitute a new coherent metaphysics and theology. The idea of modernity was a move away from the ancient distinction of understanding reality and universals. Via Antiqua was the older realist path, which saw universals as ultimately real. In comparison, the Via Moderna was the newer nominalist path that saw all individual things as real and universals as mere names. And these logical distinctions provided the schema for a new understanding of time and being. This metaphysical shift from how one sees the world was not due to a change in knowledge but rather a change of understanding time, seeing that time is not as circular and finite but as linear and infinite. Understanding what change meant as a continuous natural process that free human bein...